People upgrade brakes to stop shorter, but the single biggest factor in how quickly a car actually stops is often the tires, not the brakes. The brakes can only slow the wheels; the tires are what grip the road. Here is how tire size and type affect braking.
Grip is the real limit
Your brakes are almost always strong enough to lock the wheels - that is what ABS manages - see how ABS works. The limit on stopping distance is how much grip the tires have with the road. That is why a car with worn or cheap tires stops poorly no matter how good its brakes are, and fresh grippy tires shorten stops dramatically.
Width and contact patch
Wider tires put more rubber on the road, which generally improves dry braking grip - a reason performance cars run wide tires. But width is not everything: tire compound, tread depth, temperature, and road surface matter as much or more. A wide hard tire can stop worse than a narrower soft one.
Diameter and gearing effects
Larger-diameter tires and heavier wheels add rotating mass, which the brakes must work harder to slow, and can slightly lengthen stops and add heat - relevant to how hot brakes get. Very large wheels with low-profile tires change feel but do not automatically stop shorter; grip still rules.
The takeaway
For real-world stopping, good tires matter more than bigger brakes for most drivers. Keep quality tires with plenty of tread, and pair them with quality brake pads, healthy rotors, and fresh hardware - together they give the shortest, safest stops.